Human Gas Exchange:
Respiration is a process that takes place at a respiratory surface
Respiration for large organisms usually is carried out in respiratory systems. In biological terms, the word "respiration" can mean cellular respiration or metabolism. Respiration is the generation of ATP inside cells. Though respiration can also refer to breathing. Humans, and most other mammals respirate gas exchange occurs in the lungs. Though the actual gas exchange between O2 and CO2 happens in the alveoli. ATP is the process of making gas into energy. This is a process known as cellular respiration. The formula for this is C6+H12+6O2=6CO2+6H2O+ energy. The reason humans have to o through the process of exchanging gas is to give them energy. The body feeds off of Oxygen. The oxygen goes into the lungs, which then goes into the blood, and creates hemoglobin. |
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Emperor Penguins Respiratory system:
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An emperor penguins gas exchange system consists of a trachea, major and minor bronchi, two lungs, air capillaries, and the atria and nine air sacs (two posterior thoracic, two abdominal, two anterior thoracic, and one interclavicular). Though these air sacs are not a direct part of the gas exchange, but they still carry a very important part to the gas exchange process. Their main job is to carry out air throughout the respiratory system. This system is fairly similar to many other birds. The purpose of this process is to bring oxygen to the birds body, as well as carry carbon dioxide out of the body. Birds tend to have an extremely prominent gas exchange system, due to the amount of energy used during flight. Birds although do not have a diaphragm, they rely on their ribcage to expand and let air in.
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Inhaled air travels down to the birds tracheas. After reaching the trachea, the air goes to the bronchus, then through either the left or right lung, and then into the thoracic and abdominal air sacs. When the bird exhales, the muscles contract and push the air out of the air sacs. The air then goes to the lungs. In the lungs, the air goes through the bronchi and the air capillaries. Birds have air capillaries inside of the lungs, taking place of the alveoli, since birds do not have those. The air capillaries are located by the blood capillaries, and this is where oxygen gets exchanged for carbon dioxide. [2]